Cases of Type 2 diabetes are on the rise among minorities in the U.S.
By Emma Shepard (UAB)
The prevalence of Type 2 diabetes in youth is increasing in the U.S., primarily among minorities, with Black and Hispanic youth showing the greatest increase. Neither the reason for the increase nor the mechanism underlying the disproportionate risk in minority youth is known.
Researchers at Children’s of Alabama and the University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB) have received more than $3.7 million from the National Institutes of Health to study the increasing prevalence of diabetes in youth as part of a nationwide consortium. Ambika Ashraf, M.D., director of the Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes at Children’s of Alabama and UAB, and Barbara Gower, Ph.D., interim chair and professor in the UAB Department of Nutrition Sciences, will lead the UAB site.
The study is part of a project designed to identify the predictors of Type 2 diabetes in youth. UAB and Children’s, located in the U.S. diabetes belt and home to the UAB Comprehensive Diabetes Center and Diabetes Research Center, were collectively one of 15 institutions selected to participate.
“Our research aims to further understand health disparities in diabetes prevalence, as well as study the impact of particular risk factors on the conversion of prediabetes to Type 2 diabetes,” Ashraf said. “This knowledge would allow us to better treat children, especially minority children, who have prediabetes.”
Prediabetes is a serious health condition in which blood sugar levels are higher than normal, but not high enough yet to be diagnosed as Type 2 diabetes.
Over the course of the project, which will end in November 2027, researchers hope to enroll 1,500-3,000 youth who are at risk for diabetes. The main objective of the study is to identify factors that predict conversion to Type 2.
All participants will be non-diabetic, but at risk, at the time of recruitment and baseline testing. The team of researchers will record body composition, beta-cell function, insulin sensitivity, diet, physical activity, psycho-social factors, the intra-uterine environment, genetic polymorphisms related to diabetes risk and other factors that may affect risk for Type 2 diabetes.
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